Expressing Algorithm and Flowcharts
Introduction
Algorithms is
essential for anyone interested in computer science or programming. Algorithms
are step-by-step instructions for solving problems or completing tasks. They
are the foundation of computer programs and serve as a roadmap to achieve
desired outcomes efficiently. Expressing algorithms is crucial to make them
understandable and executable. In this blog post, we will explore different
ways to express algorithms, including natural language, flowcharts, pseudocode
, and programming languages. Each method has its advantages and serves a unique
purpose, allowing individuals to choose the most suitable approach based on
their needs.
Ways to Express Algorithm:-
1. Natural language:
However, relying
solely on natural language can sometimes lead to ambiguity or confusion. To
mitigate these issues, it's important to use precise and unambiguous language
while describing the steps. Consider the following example:
To make a
sandwich:-
1. Gather the
ingredients: bread, meat, lettuce, and condiments.
2. Place the bread
slices on a clean surface.
3. Add the desired
amount and type of meat on one bread slice.
4. Add lettuce and
your preferred condiments.
5. Place the other
bread slice on top.
6. Cut the sandwich
diagonally.
7. Serve and enjoy!
Expressing
algorithms in natural language helps when discussing concepts with beginners or
providing a high-level overview before diving into detailed representations.
2. Flowcharts:
Flowcharts are an
excellent visual representation of algorithms. They use different shapes,
lines, and arrows to illustrate the logical flow of a process. Flowcharts
enable both technical and non-technical individuals to comprehend algorithms
quickly. They provide a clear structure and offer a visual overview of the
steps involved.
The symbols below
represent different parts of a flowchart. The process in a flowchart can be
expressed through boxes and arrows with different sizes and colors:-
The use of
flowcharts provides a standardized way to express algorithms, making them
easier to understand and follow. Here is an example of a flowchart for the
sandwich-making algorithm described earlier:
Flowcharts are
particularly useful in complex and multistep algorithms as they provide a
bird's eye view of the entire process. They allow individuals to identify
potential bottlenecks or errors in the algorithm and make necessary
adjustments.
3. Pseudocode:
Pseudocode bridges
the gap between natural language and programming languages. It is a mix of
informal language and programming constructs that represents the steps of an
algorithm. Pseudocode is not tied to a specific programming language and aims
to convey the logic rather than the syntax. It can be thought of as a rough
draft of the algorithm.
The primary purpose
of pseudocode is to help programmers plan and understand the structure of their
algorithms before writing actual code. It allows them to focus on the logic and
design without getting tangled in implementation details. The following example
demonstrates the sandwich-making algorithm expressed in pseudocode:
To
make a sandwich:
1. Gather the
ingredients: bread, meat, lettuce, and condiments.
2. Place the bread
slices on a clean surface.
3. Add the desired
amount and type of meat on one bread slice.
4. Add lettuce and
your preferred condiments.
5. Place the other
bread slice on top.
6. Cut the sandwich
diagonally.
7. Serve and enjoy!
Pseudocode is a
powerful tool for algorithmic design and aids in translating human instructions
into computational steps while maintaining a clear and concise structure.
4. Programming languages:
Programming
languages are the most precise and detailed way to express algorithms. They
provide a set of syntax and rules that allow the algorithm to be executed by a
computer. Programming languages like Python, Java, and C++ enable developers to
convert algorithms into working software.
While programming
languages offer the highest level of precision and functionality, they require
a technical understanding. Programming languages have specific syntax and rules
that must be followed for the algorithm to work correctly. Here is an example
of the addition of two integers expressed in C:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int no1,no2,sum;
printf("Enter two integers :
");
scanf("%d
%d",&no1,&no2);
sum=no1+no2;
printf("%d +
%d=%d",no1,no2,sum);
return 0;
}
In the above
program the user is expected to enter 2 integers.These 2 integers are stored in
no1 and no2 respectively.Then these 2 numbers are added using the '+' operator,
and the result is stored in the 'sum' variable.Finally the print function is
used to display the sum of the numbers.
Programming
languages allow for the most precise representation of algorithms and enable
their execution by a computer.
Difference between Algorithm and Flowchart:-
|
ALGORITHM |
FLOWCHART |
|
•
It is a procedure for solving problems. • |
•
It is a graphic representation of a process. |
|
•
The process is shown in step-by-step
instruction. |
•
The process is shown in block-by-block
information diagram. |
|
•
It is complex and difficult to understand. |
•
It is intuitive and easy to understand. |
|
•
The solution is showcased in natural
language. |
•
The solution is showcased in pictorial
format. |
|
•
It is somewhat easier to solve complex
problem. |
•
It is hard to solve complex problem. |
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